C 48 Aircraft - The Curtiss C-46 Commando is a twin-engine transport aircraft developed from the Curtiss CW-20 high-altitude aircraft engine. Early press reports used the name Condor III, but the Commando name was used in 1942. initially promoting the company.
During World War II, it was used as a troop transport by the US Air Force and the US Navy, designating it the R5C. The C-46 served a similar role to its Douglas-built counterpart, the C-47 Skytrain, but was not as widely produced as the latter.
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After World War II, a few surplus C-46s were briefly used as aircraft, but the surplus of surplus C-47s dominated the market, and the C-46 was soon abandoned for cargo use. This type was in secondary service with the US Air Force until 1968. The C-46 continues to serve as a rugged cargo transport in the Arctic and remote areas, and its service life has been extended into the 21st century.
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The prototype that would become the C-46, the Curtiss CW-20, in 1937. designed by George A. Page Jr., chief designer of Curtiss-Wright airplanes.
The CW-20 was a private enterprise designed to compete with the four-speed Douglas DC-4 and Boeing 307 Stratoliner, setting a new standard in pressurized aircraft.
The CW-20 had a flattened fuselage, commonly referred to as an "eight" (or "double bubble"), which allowed it to better withstand pressure differences at high altitudes.
The sides of the hull are crumpled at floor level, separating the two sections and sharing the load of each rather than supporting each other. The main wing rotor could pass through the undercarriage, which was mainly designed for cargo, without intruding into the upper passenger compartment.
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The decision to use a two genie design instead of four genies was considered viable if there are enough powerful genies to reduce operating costs and less complex structure.
The engineering work involved a three-year commitment by the company and included numerous wind tunnel tests at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). The resulting design was a large, aerodynamically "smooth" aircraft with a cockpit in a simplified "dome".
The Gins had a unique tunnel fairing where the air was pushed in and out through the underside of the fairing, reducing turbulent airflow and causing drag on the upper surface of the wing.
After 1938 model was built, Curtiss-Wright presented the innovative design as an exhibit in 1939. at the New York World's Fair.
Mirage 2000 C (80426) In 1:48
The company approached many airlines to get requirements for the advanced passenger plane. No firm orders were received, although 25 letters were received, enough to start production.
The prototype of the 24-34-passenger airliner was built as the CW-20 in St. Petersburg. Louis, Missouri facility in its original configuration with two vertical tailplanes. Powered by two 1,700 hp (1,300 kW) R-2600-C14-BA2 Wright Twin Cyclones, the prototype, registered NX-19436, first flew in 1940. March 26 with test pilot Edmund T. "Eddie" Allur at the controls. Changes were made after the tests, including the attachment of a large tail to improve stability at low speeds.
The first prototype was purchased by the United States Air Force (USAAF) to become the series champion and was designated the C-55. After military evaluation, the single example was returned to Curtiss-Wright and later resold to British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC).
During the tests, Geral Hry H. "Hap" Arnold became interested in the airplane's potential as a military cargo transport and in 1940 September 13 ordered 46 modified CW-20As as C-46-CU Commando; the last 21 aircraft of this series were delivered as CW-20B type, designated C-46A-1-CU. None of the C-46s purchased by the US Army were pressurized, and the first 30 delivered to the AAF were sent back to the factory for 53 emergency modifications.
Douglas C 47 Skytrain (dakota Mk.iii) D Day 1944 2019. Roden 300
The design was changed to the C-46A, with large cargo doors, a solid cargo floor, and a convertible top that expedited cargo and troop conversion. The C-46 was presented to the public in a ceremony in 1942. in May, where its designer, George A. Page Jr.
In 1940 a total of 200 C-46As were ordered in two lots, although in 1941 December 7 only two were delivered.
An important change was made; the more powerful 2,000 horsepower Pratt & Whitney R-2800 Double Wasp gen replaced the Twin Cyclones. Until 1943 in November the production models underwent 721 changes, although many were minor, such as a revised fuel system and fewer cabin windows.
Subsequent military contracts for the C-46A extended the production run to 1,454 examples, of which 40 were assigned to the US Marine Corps and designated the R5C-1. The military model was equipped with double cargo doors, a solid floor and a hydraulically operated cargo transfer winch; The 40 reclining seats were the only space in the mostly cargo ship's cabin.
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The last large series C-46D was produced in 1944-1945. and had single doors to facilitate landing of paratroopers; 1430 planes were produced.
Although one XC-46B was tested with a stepped windshield and more powerful engines, the small C-46E Series 17 propeller had many of the same features as the XC-46B along with three-bladed Hamilton standard propellers instead of the standard Curtiss-Electric four-bladed units. The final contract for 234 C-46Fs returned the previous cockpit but introduced square wingtips. The single C-46G featured a stepped windshield and squared wingtips, but the war canceled all additional orders for the type.
An American C-46 plane evacuated wounded American soldiers from Manila, the capital of the Philippines, shortly after American troops retook the city after fierce fighting with the Japanese.
Best known for its operations in the China-Burma-India (CBI) theater and the Far East, the Commando was a workhorse in flying over the Hump (as the Allied Air Force called the Himalayas) delivering desperately needed supplies to troops in China from bases in India.
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A variety of transports were used during the campaign, but only the C-46 could handle the various adverse conditions the USAAF faced. Unpredictable weather, heavy loads, high mountainous terrain and poorly equipped and often flooded airfields presented considerable challenges to the transport aircraft in use, as well as numerous mechanical and maintenance nightmares due to the lack of trained air and ground personnel. .
After overcoming a number of mechanical problems that could not be overcome, the C-46 proved its worth as an airplane, despite the maintenance headaches. It could carry more cargo than other twin-engined Allied transport aircraft in theater, including light artillery, fuel, ammunition, aircraft parts and sometimes livestock. Its powerful gine allowed it to take off satisfactorily under heavy load and stay aloft on one gine if not overloaded, although the "war" 40,000 lb. load limits often overcame the limits of safety. After the removal of the complex Curtiss-Electric electrically operated propeller pitch mechanism, the C-46 continued to serve in the CBI and throughout South China during the war.
Nevertheless, the C-46 was called the "flying coffin" by ATC pilots, in which since 1943 May. until 1945 March. at least 31 in-flight fires or explosions were known, with many more missing and never found.
Other names used by m who flew them were The Whale, Curtiss Calamity and The Plumber's Nightmare.
Colossal Cargo Haulers At The Air Mobility Command Museum
The C-46's large cargo volume (twice that of the C-47), three times the weight, large cargo doors, powerful engines, and long range also made it suitable for the long distances of the Pacific Islands campaign. The US Marines in particular found the aircraft (known as the R5C) useful for their operations on the Pacific coast, flying supplies and wounded personnel from the many hastily constructed island landing fields.
Although not produced in as many numbers as its more famous wartime compatriot, the C-47 Skytrain, the C-46 nevertheless played an important role in the war effort, although the aircraft was not sent to the European theater in large numbers until 1945. March. ... increased USAAF command to drop paratroopers in time for the Rhine River offensive in Germany (Operation Varsity). So many C-46s were lost to the Varsity Paratroopers that Army Gen. Matthew Ridgway issued an executive order banning the aircraft from operations. Although the war soon ended and the mission was no longer carried out, the C-46 can be unfairly demonized. Operation Paratroopers were flown in broad daylight at low speeds at very low altitudes by unarmed transport aircraft without self-sealing fuel tanks, over heavy concentrations of German 20 mm, 37 mm and larger anti-aircraft (AA) guns, anti-aircraft and anti-tank guns. - pierced ammunition. By that stage of the war, German AA crews had been trained in high alertness; many batteries had extensive combat experience in fighting and destroying fast, well-armed fighters and fighter-bombers.
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